Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC)

A differential blood count gives the relative percentage of each type of white blood cell and also helps to reveal abnormal white blood cell populations (eg, blasts, immature granulocytes, and circulating lymphoma cells in the peripheral blood).

Also Known As: Leukocyte Differential Count, Peripheral Differential, WBC Count Differential, Diff ,Blood Differential, Differential Blood Count, DLC

Test Panel: Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cells (RBC), HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Platelets Count, White Blood Cells (WBC), DLC, ESR

Why and When to get Tested:

1. It is a general screening test and gives tremendous information’s about the hematological system and another organ system.
2. It will differentiate between acute or chronic infection.
3. It will diagnose and type the anemia.
4. It will diagnose any type of leukemia.
5. These are easy, inexpensive and rapid to perform.
6. It will find any abnormality in the count of platelets.

Sample Required:

1. The best sample is blood in EDTA.
2. Also, prepare fresh peripheral blood smear.
3. This is inexpensive, easy to perform and rapidly done as a screening test.

Types of WBC:

have five types of white blood cells:

• Neutrophils
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Referance Ranges:

Test Name	Male	Female
Neutrophils (Poly)	40 – 75 %	30-75 g/dl
Lymphocytes	20 – 50 %	20 – 50 %
Monocytes	2- -10 %	2- -10 %
Eosinophils	1- 6 %	1- 6 %
Basophils	0.3 – 1 %	0.3 – 1 %

Neutrophils increased in:

1. Infections.
2. Myocardial infarction.
3. Stress.
4. metabolic diseases.
5. Inflammations.

Neutrophil Decreased in:

1. In radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
2. Infections.
3. hypersplenism.
4. Folic acid or B12 deficiency.
5. Hepatic diseases.
6. Drugs
7. collagen vascular diseases.

Eosinophils increased in:

1. Allergy.
2. Parasitic infestation.
3. Skin disorders.
4. Neoplastic diseases like Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
5. Collagen vascular diseases.

Eosinophil Decreased in:

1. Cushing’s syndrome.
2. Stress.

Lymphocytes increased in:

1. Chronic infections.
2. Lymphocytic leukemia.
3. In immune diseases e.g Ulcerative colitis.

Lymphocyte Decreased in:

1. Chronic debilitating illness.
2. Immune-deficiency.

Monocytes increased in:

1. Infections.
2. Collagen vascular diseases.
3. Carcinoma.
4. monocytic leukemia.
5. Lymphoma.

Basophils Increased in:

1. Chronic myelocytic leukemia.
2. polycythemia vera.
3. Hodgkin’s disease.
4. In some anemias.

Basophil Decreased in:

1. Hyperthyroidism.
2. Stress.
3. ovulation.

Note: please see more information in peripheral and RBCs smear.

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Possible References Used

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