Blood Sugar Level

A blood sugar test is a procedure that measures the amount of sugar, or glucose, in your blood. Your doctor may order this test to help diagnose diabetes.

Also Known as: Fasting Blood Sugar, FBS, Fasting Blood Glucose, Blood Sugar Fasting, BSF, BSL

Test Panel: Blood Sugar, Fasting Blood Sugar, FBS, Fasting Blood Glucose, FBG, Fasting Plasma Glucose, FPG, Blood Glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, OGTT, GTT, Urine Glucose

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Tests in Glucose Panel:

BSR, BSL, BSF, OGTT, GTT, GCT, Urine Sugar, HbA1c,

Why Get Tested:

• This test is done to diagnose diabetes mellitus.
• This test is also done to evaluate and monitoring of the patient with diabetes mellitus.

When to Get Tested:

Blood glucose: when you are older than 45 years or have risk factors for diabetes; when you have symptoms suggesting high or low blood glucose; during pregnancy; when you are diabetic, self-checks up to several times a day to monitor blood glucose levels

Sample Required:

• This test can be done on Serum. The serum should be separated within 30 minutes of collection.
• The serum can be stored at 25° C for 8 hours and 72 hours at 4 °C.
• Oxalate blood can also be used. Preservative sodium fluoride may be added.
• The plasma can be stored at 25 °C for 24 hours (when there is preservative sodium fluoride).

Normal Values:

• Fasting Blood Sugar: 74 to 106 mg/dL (4.5 to 5.9 mmol/L)
• Random Blood Sugar: 80 to 120 mg/dl (4.4 to 6.6 mmol/L).

Increase glucose level (Hyperglycemia) seen in:

• Diabetes mellitus, adult and juvenile.
• Physiological causes.
  • Strenuous exercise.
  • Strong emotions.
  • Shock and burns.
  • Infections.
• Endocrine disorders.
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Acromegaly and gigantism.
  • Pheochromocytoma.
  • Cushing’s syndrome.
• Pancreatic diseases.
  • Acute and chronic pancreatitis.
  • Pancreatitis due to mumps.
  • Cystic fibrosis.
  • Hemochromatosis.
  • Pancreatic cancers.
• other causes are:
  • Cerebrovascular accident.
  • Chronic liver disease.
  • Chronic renal disease.
  • Acanthosis nigricans.

Decreased glucose level (Hypoglycemia) seen in:

• Pancreatic disorders.
  • Islet Cell Tumor.
  • Glucagon deficiency.
• Tumors.
  • Adrenal gland carcinoma.
  • carcinoma of stomach.
  • Fibrosarcoma.
• Liver diseases.
  • In poisoning e.g. arsenic, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, phosphorus, salicylates, antihistamines, phenformin, and alcohol.
• Endocrine disorders.
  • Hypopituitarism.
  • Addison’s disease.
  • hypothyroidism.
• Functional disorders.
  • Postgastrectomy.
  • Gastroenterostomy.
  • Autonomic nervous system disorders.
• Pediatric causes.
  • Prematurity.
  • Infant diabetic mothers.
  • Idiopathic leucine sensitivity.
• Enzyme deficiency.
  • Galactosemia.
  • Fructose intolerance.
  • Von Gierke’s syndrome.