Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Each of the following statements concerning this fact is correct EXCEPT:

Which one of the following statements about virion structure and assembly is CORRECT?

Each of the following statements concerning immunologic tolerance is correct EXCEPT:

A 5-year-old girl presents with a fever and a generalized macular rash that is most dense on the scalp and trunk of the body. Several waves of lesions appear, one after another, and evolve rapidly into vesicles and then pustules over several days. The most likely disease and causal agent is

A 42-year-old man who has AIDS presents to his physician with progressively increasing dyspnea over the past 3 weeks. He also complains of a dry, painful cough, fatigue, and low-grade fever. A chest x-ray reveals bilateral symmetrical interstitial and alveolar infiltration. Which of the following agents is the most likely cause of the above?

Each of the following statements concerning the mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following statements concerning the antigenicity of influenza A virus is correct EXCEPT:

Fungi often colonize lesions due to other causes. Which one of the following is LEAST likely to be present as a colonizer?

A 5-year-old presents to the pediatrician with complaints of a sore throat. Her mother also noticed that both of her eyes were slightly red. Examination reveals rhinopharyngitis with bilateral conjunctivitis. What activity likely led to the above illness?

An 18-year-old high school student in rural north Mississippi develops fever, cough, and chest pain. The cough, associated with weight loss, persisted. Because of poor performance at football practice, he was advised to see a physician. Lymph node biopsies stained with H and E reveal granulomatous inflammation and macrophages engorged with oval structures measuring 2-4 µm. Cultures incubated at room temperature grow powdery white colonies, which on microscopic study have tuberculate spores. The high school student most likely acquired the infection from which of the following?

A patient skin-tested with purified protein derivative (PPD) to determine previous exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops induration at the skin test site 48 hours later. Histologically, the reaction site would MOST probably show:

Each of the following statements concerning fungi and protozoa is correct EXCEPT:

Regarding the serologic diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, which one of the following is CORRECT?

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that lives inside phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells by generating its own intracellular vesicle. This may allow it to avoid recognition and killing by CDS+ lymphocytes, which require the presentation of foreign peptides transported into the endoplasmic reticulum and loaded onto MHC molecules that have

Reasonable mechanisms for viral persistence in infected individuals include all of the following EXCEPT:

When immune complexes from the serum are deposited on glomerular basement membrane, damage to the membrane is caused mainly by:

Each of the following statements concerning class II MHC proteins is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following statements concerning the mechanism of action of antibacterial drugs is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following statements concerning Blastomyces dermatitidis is correct EXCEPT:

Viruses enter cells by adsorbing to specific sites on the outer membrane of cells. Each of the following statements regarding this event is correct EXCEPT:

An 11 -month-old infant was brought to the emergency department with difficulty breathing and wheezing. History and physical examination reveal a slight fever, cough, and rhinorrhea that began about 2 days before. Analysis of the sputum reveals normal flora with the presence of giant multinucleated cells. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

An obese 32-year-old diabetic woman presents with complaint of red and painful skin in her abdominal skin folds. Examination reveals a creamy white material at the base of the fold. It is erythematous underneath and extends beyond the creamy material. Microscopic examination of the exudate reveals oval budding structures (3 X 6 µm) mixed with more budding elongated forms. The most likely causal agent is

In the U.S., a baby has the greatest chance of acquiring which virus in utero?

Each of the following statements concerning Q fever is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following statements concerning Coccidioides immitis is correct EXCEPT:

Antigen-presenting cells that activate helper T cells must express which one of the following on their surfaces?

What is the primary means of spread for measles?

Each of the following statements regarding these viruses is correct EXCEPT:

Which one of the following substances is NOT released by activated helper T cells?

Which one of the following organisms principally infects vascular endothelial cells?

Macrophages are major source of:

Regarding the effect of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) on bacteria, which one of the following organisms is LEAST likely to be resistant?

Each of the following statements concerning penicillin is correct EXCEPT:

A 33-year-old HIV-positive man complains of headache and blurred vision. Physical examination reveals papilledema and ataxia. A head CT scan is normal, but CSF obtained by lumbar puncture reveals encapsulated organisms visible by India ink. Which of the following is true concerning this organism?

Each of the following statements concerning retroviruses is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following statements concerning viruses is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following statements concerning the resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs is correct EXCEPT:

Regarding viroids, which one of the following statements is the MOST accurate?

Cytotoxic T cells induced by infection with virus A will kill target cells:

Each of the following statements concerning the mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs is correct EXCEPT:

The use of antibiotics that inhibit or inactivate cellular ribosomes will result directly in the loss of which of the following functions:

Which one of the following viruses possesses a genome of single-stranded RNA that is infectious when purified?

Each of the following statements concerning sleeping sickness is correct EXCEPT:

Which one of the following statements about genital herpes is LEAST accurate?

Fungal cells that reproduce by budding are seen in the infected tissues of patients with:

Trophozoites, Schizonts and gametocytes of all the malarial parasites are seen in the peripheral blood smear except ;

Which of the following statements concerning antigenic drift in influenza viruses is correct?

Each of the following statements concerning Histoplasma capsulatum is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following statements about both measles virus and rubella virus is correct EXCEPT:

Each of the following viruses possesses double-stranded nucleic acid as its genome EXCEPT: