Erythrocytosis (Polycythemia)
Erythrocytosis is a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood. This can make the blood thicker than normal and may increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, or cardiovascular complications. It may be primary (bone marrow disorder) or secondary to other conditions.
🚨 Seek Urgent Medical Care
Get immediate help if you have:
- Sudden chest pain or shortness of breath.
- Severe headache or visual disturbances.
- Weakness or numbness on one side of the body.
- Swelling or pain in limbs (possible clot).
- Fainting or confusion.
📞 Consult a Doctor
Seek medical advice if:
- Persistent headaches or dizziness.
- Reddened skin or facial flushing.
- Fatigue or unexplained weakness.
- High red blood cell count on routine tests.
Common Symptoms & Causes
| Symptom / Finding | Possible Cause |
|---|---|
| High hemoglobin / hematocrit | Polycythemia vera |
| Headache and dizziness | Thickened blood (hyperviscosity) |
| Red or flushed skin | Increased red blood cell mass |
| Itching after warm bath | Myeloproliferative disorder |
| Fatigue | Reduced oxygen circulation efficiency |
Causes by Category
Polycythemia vera: Bone marrow disorder causing excess RBC production.
Genetic mutations: Abnormal cell production in bone marrow.
Chronic hypoxia: High altitude or lung disease increases RBC production.
Smoking: Reduced oxygen levels stimulate erythropoiesis.
Kidney disease: Excess erythropoietin production.
Dehydration: Reduced plasma volume concentrates RBCs.
Diuretic use: Fluid loss leading to apparent increase.
Diagnostic Procedures
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC levels.
Erythropoietin Level
Determines if RBC production is hormone-driven.
Oxygen Saturation Test
Checks blood oxygen levels.
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Evaluates abnormal blood cell production.
